Human Resources and Public Administration - 2705 Words

Deanna Saylor Human Resources Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations Y505 Exam One 5/25/2010 1. In your own words, what is a psychological contract? Why is this concept important to studying human resources? Explain. Give an example of a psychological contract you had with an employer and what, if anything, happened when it was broken. A psychological contract is what the employee expects to receive from the employer and vice versa. For example, in my job, I expect that my employer is going to acknowledge my accomplishments and give praise and incentives for doing a job performance that goes above and beyond what is written on my job description. I think that this concept is important to studying human resources†¦show more content†¦During this period agencies were developed as well to plan and manage new programs that could make basic changes in the role of government in American society. The American society for public administration or ASPA was founded in 1939 after the start of the next government evolutionary period â€Å"government by administrators†. The political portion of government began to merge with administrative duties and given a more managerial role than their traditional public administration. During the government by professionals period from 1955-1995 the federal service entrance examination was established to provide a single point of entry into the US civil service. This exam is meant to highlight potential employees that can grow with the service and become the leaders and professionals of the future. More emphasis was placed on recruitment of college educated candidates. Last, the government by citizens, experts, and results began to accommodate for the introduction of the internet and electronic technology which allowed people to gain access to information and services on a much larger scale, this resulted in government agencies being more market driven and results oriented. As the periods moved on through time, the basic theme was constantly evolving and creating laws that made work environments fair and limited corruption and favoritism from being the basis on which personnel were hired. IShow MoreRelatedThe Field Of Public Administration Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of Public Administration is undoubtedly one of the most vast study fields there is. It is said that public administration is closely related to Management in terms of public management theories. 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While public administration has it’s roots in the early twentieth century as a rather droll academic pursuit it has evolved through the decadesRead Morethe biggest challenges and biggest opportunities facing new managers entering industry883 Words   |  4 PagesChallenges to Public Managers in the 21st Century, Public Personnel Management, 42(2), 107-122 Source type Public Personnel Management (PPM) is published specifically for human resource executives and managers in the public sector. Each quarterly edition contains in-depth articles on trends, case studies and the latest research by top human resource scholars and industry experts. Andrew I. E. 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Bush Speech Analysis Free Essays

Purpose The purpose of George Bush’s speech is to justify his future military actions and to unite the Americans by appealing to their emotions. Bush used a variety of emotive language and stylistic devices to express his concern over the incident for the audience. Content and Theme Firstly, Bush structured this speech is very small paragraphs. We will write a custom essay sample on Bush Speech Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now When he delivered the speech he speaks very slowly and never speaks more than 6 sentences at a time. Also, he pauses very often to allow the audience to clap for his speech. This gives an opportunity for the audience to give a very positive response to his campaign. Displaying the popularity and support George Bush has to the international community. These short sentences delivers short and concise point for the speech. Bush themed the speech to target the international community and local Americans. This is particularly important because the incident attracted global media attention to America. It is imperative that the president takes advantage of this opportunity to gain support for America. In the speech, Bush purposefully emotes people globally to pre-justify the military actions he will take to ‘bring justice to our enemies’. In the speech, he said ‘Nor will we forget the citizens of 80 other nations who died with our own. Dozens of Pakistanis, more than 130 Israelis, more than 250 citizens of India, men and women from El Salvador, Iran, Mexico and Japan, and hundreds of British citizens’. It is quite obvious that Bush is trying to stir up the anger towards the terrorists in the Middle East countries, such as Afghanistan in preparation for war. He states the victims from various countries. Targeting the international community, to direct the anger of these victim’s friends and families towards the terrorists. By emoting the international audience, Bush gains allies and global support, increasing America’s political influence around the world. In the end, he is attempting to gather up influential allies that will support the fight against the terrorists. Bush sincerely thanked it’s allies for showing great care and support to the Americans. ‘America has no truer friend than Great Britain. ’ Bush appeals to the Britain by stating the friendship between the two countries. He used the words ‘truer friend’ to emphasize on the on-going support and co-operation from Britain. It is almost as if Britain did not offer it’s support to the America, they will not longer be know as a ‘true friend’. I think that Bush is using it’s political influence, pressuring on the British government to support America’s ideals. He is trying to persuade England to join America in the activities of anti-terrorism. He specifically thanked the British, South Korea, Cairo, Australia, Africa and Latin America as a ‘friendly gesture’ to pave way for future campaign which may include taking the same political stance in certain worldwide issues in the Middle East. He takes advantage of this internationally issue to gain more allies and show off it’s political influence in the world. This speech is also a declaration of war from America. â€Å"Our war on terror begins with al Qaeda, but it does not end there. † Bush announces that America will take the responsibility of not only eliminating those who were involved in 911, but also all other terrorism activities around the world. It is interesting how America automatically assumes authority over world and self nominates itself being the ‘global police’. This statement indirectly suggests that America is to be in charge of all activities in the world. It is essential for any government to befriend more allies to gain more political influence in the world. George Bush used his influence and announced to the world that Al-Qaeda is at war with freedom. â€Å"Freedom and fear are at war. The advance of human freedom, the great achievement of our time and the great hope of every time, now depends on us. † George Bush cleverly involves the international community into the ‘war’ with terrorism. Al-Qaeda only attacked on American soil and they should have no intentions of attacking other countries in the world. However, Bush stated that Al-Qaeda is at war with freedom. This means that they are at war with any country allows freedom in their society. In other words, Al-Qaeda is at war with humanity itself. Bush describes freedom as ‘the greatest achievement of our time’ because the speech is targeted towards the global community. The word ‘our’ does not only apply to Americans, but also to every person living in this planet. He accuses the terrorists of destroying the ‘greatest achievement’. Thereby, evoking the anger of different people across the world towards these terrorists. This clever manipulation of words creates heroic image for America. Making it seemingly natural for America to invade into other countries territories for the sake of humanity. Eliminating any objections towards America’s future military actions. Bush never segregated from American audience. He choses his subject in the sentences carefully to emphasize that he is sharing the same pain and grief as all other Americans citizens. In the speech, Bush carefully chose the subjects for each sentence to emote the Americans. He particularly used words like ‘we’, ‘our, ‘us’ to emphasize the unity in America. By using these subjects, he is presents as a understanding American leader that cares about it’s citizens. Bush also emphasized on words like ‘will’ to explain the things that need to be done in the next years. This word expresses the definite stance and determination, the American government will take for anti-terrorism. Facing such a terrible disaster, Bush uses commanding vocabulary to verbally display the governments organized and rational planning for the future. He said â€Å"Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring  justice to our enemies, justice will be done† He again uses the word ‘will’ to reassure the citizens worries over America’s future developments. The word ‘will’ also invites the audience to feel that Bush will lead them towards a pre-determined and promised future that would benefit America and the world. Allowing the Americans to place a greater confidence in him and to support his future campaigns. Tone and mood He speaks in a tone representing all the people of America (e. g. I also want to speak tonight directly to Muslims throughout the world. We respect your faith. It’s practiced freely by many millions of Americans and by millions more in countries that America counts as friends. ) Stylistic features After the traumatic event of 911, George Bush announced â€Å"We will direct every resource at our command — every means of diplomacy, every tool of ntelligence, every instrument of law enforcement, every financial influence, and every necessary weapon of war — to the destruction and to the defeat of the global terror network. † Bush repeatedly used the word ‘every’ in this phrase to emphasize the serious actions the American government plans to execute. He reassures the American people that the terrorists responsible will be taken in to â⠂¬Ëœjustice’. Instead of simply stating the methods of defeating global terrorism, he made sure to underline on the fact that the government will be spending every resource it has to demolish injustice. Giving off a very strong and firm political stance, gaining trusts and hope towards Bush’s government. Also, Bush’s grave actions of anti-terrorism, informs the world about the unwavering will of the American government. Sending a powerful message to the terrorists â€Å"You should not mess with Americans. † President Bush used metaphor to emphasize the severity of the terrorist attack. He said, â€Å"All of this was brought upon us in a single day, and night fell on a different world, a world where freedom itself is under attack. The word ‘night’ is a time where people feels lost and insecure about their safety. This word describes the state America is currently in. It shows the severe destruction the attack has done to the economy and moral of the American people. However, as the saying goes ‘night is darkest before dawn’. Even though America is in the night, after the night, the sun rises. This imagery gives a powerful sense of hope to motivate the Americans to endure the night and look forward to sun rise. Encouraging people to strive to rebuild the country after the night has passed. 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Second Treatise Of Government Essay Example For Students

Second Treatise Of Government Essay Lockes The Second Treatise of Civil Government: The Significance of ReasonThe significance of reason is discussed both in John Lockes, The Second Treatise of Civil Government, and in Jean-Jacques Rousseaus, Emile. However, the definitions that both authors give to the word reason vary significantly. I will now attempt to compare the different meanings that each man considered to be the accurate definition of reason. John Locke believed that the state all men are naturally in is a state of perfect freedom (122), a state in which they live without . .. depending upon the will of any other man (122). It is called the the state of nature, and it is something that is within us at birth. The state of nature is a law made by God, called the Law of Reason. This law gives humankind liberty, freedom, and equality and stresses that no man ought to harm another in his life, liberty, or possessions (123). According to Locke, the law of reason is the basis of man as well as society. It restrains men from infringing on the rights of others. In this state, there is no need for a central authority figure to govern the actions of people, for it is the people, themselves, who impose the peace and preservation of mankind (124). One can have perfect freedom as long as one does not disturb others in their state of nature; in this state of perfect equality there is no superiority or jurisdiction of one over another (124). Men, thereby, have the power to preserve the innocent and restrain offenders (124) and punish those who transgress against them and disturb their state of nature. Thus, all men are their own executioners in the law of nature, or the Law of Reason. While all men are in charge of their own will according to the Law of Reason in which they are born, some men do, in fact, break or reject this law, which causes them to enter into a state of war with the others. People reject the law of nature for many reasons, especially when their ideas and opinions differ. When people reject the law, two things can happen; the first is that one could enter into a state of war with someone else, and the other is that one could choose to enter into a state of society. It is reason that ultimately leads a person into the state of society through a social contract. In these societies, it is reason, the law of nature, which governs mankind. Reason is not flexible because it is Gods law and it is set in stone. This reason gives you the social contract, leading to life, liberty, and happiness. To Locke, it is crucial for men to enter into the social contract assoon as possible. Since we are born into the state of nature in which the law of reason governs us, it is easy for us to enter into society when we are young. This is because that very society is based on reason, not upon feelings or intuition. When men leave their state of nature and conform to society and the government, they give up their right to punish others, as they see fit. Instead, the social contract exists to protect people from those who transgress by inflicting due punishment to offenders through the force of the government. Since every person mutually agrees to live amongst the rules of the contract, it protects the good of the majority. The government thus works to benefit the good of the people. The best kinds of government, Locke believed, are absolute monarchies, because they dont take their citizens out of the state of nature. Societies, in fact, are in a form of the state of nature, themselves, so people dont have to give up their rights to reason by entering into the social contract. Reason still exists where conformity flourishes. .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 , .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .postImageUrl , .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 , .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:hover , .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:visited , .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:active { border:0!important; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:active , .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77 .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea0285941ed7e31ac95a89003ea22c77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Journey Through Writing Essay It doesnt diminish but isactually enhanced by the merging of natural law (fundamental law) and positive law (the law of the majority of others). John Locke believed that conformity is what enhances society. His ideal was for everyone to be fully integrated into the social contract. In order to accomplish that, Locke stressed that parents need to teach their children how to labor early on. Children must learn abstract reasoning as soon as possible so they can leave the state of nature and enter into society. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, on the other hand, believed that the self was more important than society. Reason is a tool which helps us to develop self-sufficiency and teaches us good versus bad. It is the arbitrator of sentiment and senses, things which, to him, were much more plausible that reason, itself. Children are filled with an abundance of imagination and creativity, and their senses guide them through their daily lives. Rousseau believed that a childssensations are the first materials of knowledge (64), for things which derive from the senses are easy to perceive. This is what inspires a child to want to learn and to want to cultivate his/her reason. It is easier, he suggests, to show a child something than to teach him something that he/she cannot fully comprehend. As the saying goes, the unexamined life is not worth living. To Rousseau, experience and hands-on learning would be far more instrumental in a childs life than reason. It is necessary to force a child to learn by himself (207), not from another persons idea of what reason shouldor should not be. It is far better, he believed, for a child to know a few things which he/she could call truly his her own (207), than to know several things only partially without fully understanding them. Rousseau thought that by developing a childs nature (or the cultivation of his/her reason), less emphasis would be put on the development of the senses. And to him, it was the senses which were far more critical in a childs life. Rousseau felt that humankind should steer away from society. It is far more important for us to listen to the self than to adhere to authority. To him, it was society which was affecting the children, causing them to be more demanding, ego-centric, less appreciative, more selfish, dependent on others,and ungrateful. These problems, in turn, led to deeper psychological disorders, such as insecurity complexes, lack of empathy, and lack of trust in others. Rousseau suggested that if parents stop restricting their children and let nature take its course, their children would have less problems in the long-run. Parents also must give their children more freedom to explore and keep them within the state of nature as long as possible; this will make children more independent and self-sufficient and lead them more quickly towards self-efficacyand individualism. These qualities were Rousseaus ideals, a far contrast with Lockes, which was based upon conformity within society through a social contract. Since living within society is fairly unavoidable, Rousseau said that it is crucial to know how to live with others and how society, itself, works. It is important for the grown child to learn about the passions of others so he/she can prevent being deceived in the future by others. People must learn not through abstract reasoning, but through concrete reasoning, which allows them to recognize their limits, wills, and desires. Imagination would not be encouraged by Rousseau because it leads to creativity and technology, things which, inevitably, cause change. And in order for society to remain stable, change is simply not possible. Rousseau saw something wrong with 18th-century society and morals. He suggested that we should stay away from conformity and binding ourselves into societies for as long as possible. .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 , .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .postImageUrl , .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 , .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:hover , .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:visited , .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:active { border:0!important; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:active , .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9 .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u368d50667ae43c0700f7fe9d09c6bbb9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Making Room for Improvement Essay But Locke did not feel this way. He thought that society was necessary to preserve the law of reason. To him, entering into the social contract should be done as soon as possible. Independence and freedom were less important to Locke than they were to Rousseau. Reason was less important to Rousseau than to Locke. The significance of reason, therefore, would be far more important to John Locke than to Jean-Jacques Rousseau.Philosophy